Review: Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis of Macro and Nano size
1 College of science for women, University of Babylon, chemistry Dep. Iraq/Babylon.
2 Department of Forensic, College of Science, University of Al-Karkh, Iraq/Baghdad.
3 Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science/ Ibn Al-Haitham, Baghdad University, Iraq/Baghdad.
4 College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq. / Babylon.
5 Department of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq/Baghdad.
6 College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Iraq/Babylon.
Review
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, 2025, 14(02), 094-099.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjst.2025.14.2.0098
Publication history:
Received on 24 June 2025; revised on 29 July 2025; accepted on 01 August 2025
Abstract:
Many methods were used to determined qualities and quantities of different materials, one of the most important techniques represent by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This technique characterized by high Accuracy and precision for identify materials according to the nature of bonding and chemical environments. In this work the attentions concern with highly light with the theoretical and some practical information which depend to make the best identities for chemical compound in different and variance environments. The important for this work produce from explain the abilities for XPS analysis to decide the nature and properties with structure of different compound It even has the ability to distinguish between compounds that are very similar in their chemical composition.
Keywords:
XPS; ESCA; Binding Energy; Relation Energy; Chemical Environments
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Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0