Tofu waste product processing and utilization in ration affecting reproduction age of Indonesian local ducts
1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado Indonesia.
2 Laboratory of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado Indonesia.
Jln. Kampus Unsrat Manado, 95115 North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, 2026, 17(01), 022-032.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjst.2026.17.1.0055
Publication history:
Received on 22 April 2026; revised on 01 June 2026; accepted on 03 June 2026
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the effect of tofu waste product (TWP) utilization in feed rations on duck growth, age of sexual maturity, age of initial laying eggs of ducks including weight and size of eggs produced as well as income over feed cost. The experimental animals used were 64 female and 32 male ducks, all at 90 days old. This study used a Completely Randomized Design, with four treatments and eight replications with three ducks (two females and one male) in each pen or cage unit. The treatments were including R0: Feed without TWP (0%), R1: Feed with 5% TWP, R2: Feed with 10% TWP, and R3: Feed with 15% TWP. The results showed that Tofu waste product (TWP) flour in ration did not significantly affect the amount of feed consumption, growth body weight and feed conversion of ducks (g/head/day). The treatments using the levels of TWP flour significantly affected the shortening of the age of sexual maturity and the initial age of laying eggs of local ducks. The treatment of using the level of Tofu waste product (TWP) flour significantly affected the production of egg mass produced by ducks (g/head/day). The TWP use in ration reduced the size of the egg weight from a large size spreading into a medium size (g/egg). The highest income over feed cost (IOFC) was achieved by using the R3 treatment containing the TWP flour level of 15%, reached by an IOFC of 1,721.71 (IDR/head/day) with increasing 14.76 percent compared to ration without TWP flour from the sale of eggs produced.
Keywords:
Duck Early Laying Ages; Egg Sizes; Food Industrial By-Product; Income Over Feed Cost.
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Copyright © 2026 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0