Isolation, partial purification and immobilization of locally sourced tyrosinase on different fiber materials

Frederick O.Ujah 1, *, Paschal H. Nenge 1, Roseline T. Kassar 1, Abugh, S. Hough 2 and Alvin I. Aondona 1

1 Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Education, University of Mkar, Mkar, P.M.B. 017, Benue State, Nigeria.
2 Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria.
 
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 01(01), 042–050.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjst.2021.1.1.0025
Publication history: 
Received on 18 February 2021; revised on 26 March 2021; accepted on 30 March 2021
 
Abstract: 
Tyrosinase has diverse functions in biological systems including melanin synthesis for defense against harmful effects of ultraviolet light. It oxidizes tyrosine especiallyL-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanineto L-Dopaquinone. The objective is to isolate, partially purify and immobilize tyrosinase on coconut fiber and palm wood chips using gum Arabic as binder. Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) was used as source of tyrosinase. It was extracted by mashing yam with potassium phosphate buffer (PH 7). The slurry was centrifuged, supernatant decanted and mixed with solid ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] for partial purification of the enzyme. Its kinetic parameters were determined spectrophotometrically by measuring its activity at varying concentrations of substrate (L-DOPA). Line weaver-bulk double reciprocal plot was plotted to derive Michealis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) while the optimum temperature and PH was determined by varying temperature and PH ranges (5.5-8.5) of reaction system. The immobilized tyrosinase activitywas compared with that of partially purified enzyme. Results showed that, crude enzyme activity was 7.2 micromoles/min, immobilized enzymes activity on coconut fiber was7.7micromoles/min and that on palm wood chip was 11.1micromoles/min. Km and Vmax of partially purified tyrosinase was 33.3mM and 0.016S-1, that of immobilized enzyme on coconut fiber was 28.5mM and 0.020s-1 while that on palm wood chips was 20.8mM and 0.033s-1 respectively. Optimum PH and temperature for partially purified and immobilized enzymes was 6.5 and 550C. Immobilization of yam tyrosinase on palm wood chips increased the activity of partially purified enzyme by 15%. Conclusively, palm wood chip is considered a better support to coconut fiber for immobilization of yam tyrosinase.
 
Keywords: 
Yam; Tyrosinase; Immobilization; Palm wood chips; Coconut fiber
 
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